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CITIZENSHIP 

A MANUAL 
/or VOTERS 




By 
EMMA GUY CROMWELL 




Citizenship 

A MANUAL /or VOTERS 




BY 



Emma Guy Cromwell 



Author of 
Cromwell's Compendium of Parliamentary Law 

FORMERLY STATE LIBRARIAN of KENTUCKY 

and ENROLLING CLERK of 

HOUSE o/REPRESENTATIVES 



SALE PRICE PER COPY, PAPER BINDING, 75c; CLOTH BINDING, $1.25 
Address EMMA GUY CROMWELL, Frankfort, Ky. 



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Copyright 1920 

BY 

Emma Guy Cromwell 



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TO 

The New Voters of America 

A Great Factor in Good Government 

This Booklet 

IS Respectively Dedicated 

BY 

The Author 




M A /> UU AAAAAAAAAAA A A ^ a A A A A A A A A a aa a A kx/ 



Introduction 



^i^ EALIZING the need of a manual on citi- 
4f\zenship for the new voters in Kentucky, 
'^^^the author has endeavored to compile 
such information on the government and its 
workings, as will be of use to all voters, espec- 
ially the ones just entering political life. A 
strong appeal is made to the women voters of 
our nation to prepare themselves for public 
life by keeping in touch with the issues of the 
day as well as the functions of government. 
While it is a great privilege to take part in 
public affairs, and study the questions of the 
day, so that we can vote intelligently and criti- 
cize justly, let us not forget that the home is 
the most sacred refuge of life, the nucleus 
around which all pure and true civilization is 
formed, and that the chief end of all good gov- 
ernment is to improve and protect the home, 
the church and the community. 

Will you take part in building up your gov- 
ernment and establishing "High Ideals" and 
true democracy? 

EMMA GUY CROMWELL, 

Frankfort, Ky. 



CHAPTER I. 



Citizenship. 



GOOD citizenship means doing well one's part as a mem- 
ber of the community in which he lives, and carries with 
it certain privileges and duties. 

A citizen is one who has the rights and privileges of the in- 
habitants of the community, state and nation, and as a duty 
should equip himself so as to render the best citizenship possible. 

There are two classes of citizens; native born, and 
naturalized. Persons born in the United States and children 
born of American parents while abroad are native born. 
Naturalized citizens are aliens who through the process of 
naturalization have attained citizenship. Naturalization itself 
does not give the right to vote, as that is determined by the 
state laws. Most states give all citizens the right to vote who 
have lived in the state for one year, and about eleven states 
permit aliens to vote provided they declare their intention of 
becoming citizens. 

Congress has the power to decide the conditions upon which 
aliens may become citizens. 

Citizenship carries with it the enjoyment of civil rights, 
as the protection of the home and property, freedom of speech, 
religion, press, protection of the laws, etc. Wherever you go 
your citizenship goes with you, protecting and defending you. 
If you are in a foreign country you must abide by the laws 
of that country, but should you be treated unjustly the United 
States would protect you. 

Our country is a land of freedom and opportunity, and it 
is our duty to help uplift the government, and as citizens we 
must study conditions and know how to govern and be governed. 
We must be familiar with our national and state Constitutions, 
for they are the fundamental principles by which we are gov- 
erned. We must know how to make laws and how to have them 
executed. We must keep posted on the issues of the day, and 
know something of the standing and character of our public 
men and women. 



8 Citizenship 

The citizen who does not possess some knowledge of his 
government and its workings will become a prey to the dema- 
gogue, or of individuals who are anxious to advance their own 
interest at the expense of the people. 

It is the duty of every man and woman under the protec- 
tion of our flag to give his or her best to the country and be 
willing to take upon themselves the burden as well as the priv- 
ilege of government, and fully appreciate the inheritance our 
fathers left. ' ' They built the foundation in the days, of Wash- 
ington and Jefferson, and as a duty we must safeguard the 
building." 

Citizenship not only embraces civil rights, but political 
rights which is the right of suffrage or voting. 

While civil rights are enjoyed by all men, women and 
children, political rights are enjoyed only by citizens twenty- 
one years old and over who possess the necessary qualifications 
to vote. Civil rights and political rights are not the same, for all 
citizens are not voters, neither are all voters citizens in the 
United States, as some states permit aliens to vote before they 
get their citizenship paper, making them real citizens. 

It is our duty to study our government and be posted on 
the issues of the day. There are about 27;011,330 women voters 
in the United States. We have the vote and let us not only 
count it a privilege but a duty to do our part as citizens in es- 
tablishing good government. 

There are two principal parties in the United States, the 
Democratic party and the Republican party. 

The way to get good government is through the parties; 
that is one reason women must choose their party and enter 
into the organization of the party of their choice. 

Parties are just what their constituents make them. 

Government. 

The word government means management or guidance and 
control. ' 

When We speak of the government of the nation, state, 
city, town or county we refer to the management of public af- 
fairs. 



A Manual for Voters 9 

Government protects life and property, keeps an army and 
navy for our defense, peace and order, regulates commerce and 
industry, supports our public schools, keeps the roads and streets 
in good condition, cares for public health, and many other 
things we enjoy. 

Our courts are maintained by the government where justice 
may be found. 

The laws of our nation are the rules made by the govern- 
ment to guide our actions. They tell us what we are to do, and 
what we are not to do. We must obey the laws of our country 
or else be punished. "We must study the government of our 
nation, state, city, town and county, and be ready to do our 
part in establishing good government, by making proper laws 
and seeing they are enforced. As far back as 500 B. C. we find 
in Athens lawmakers, judges and executive officers. 

The word government is derived from the Latin word 
gubernare, which means to guide or ''pilot a ship." Good gov- 
ernment depends upon the voters, and may our men and women 
of the United States pilot our ship into a safe harbor. 

The United States is both a Democracy and a Republic. 

A Democracy is a government by the people in which the 
will of the people prevails throughout the country. "This is 
the fundamental principle of American government." 

A Republic is a democracy where the people elect repre- 
sentatives to carry on the government. 

Constitution. 

When the colonies became independent states each state 
drew up a charter which recognized its people as authority in 
government. Instead of calling this new instrument a charter 
they changed the name and called it a "Constitution." 

This Constitution is the foundation upon which our govern- 
ment is built. After the thirteen original colonies had estab- 
lished their independence they formed a central government 
known and expressed in the Constitution of the United States 
which is our fundamental law. 



10 Citizenship 

In the preamble of the Constitution of the United States 
we find the general purpose for which government is instituted : 

"We, the people of the United States, in order to form a 
more perfect union, establish justice, insure domestic tranquil- 
ity, provide for the common defense, promote the general wel- 
fare, and secure the blessings of liberty to ourselves and our 
posterity, do ordain and establish this Constitution for the 
United States of America." 

The Constitution of the United States is our fundamental 
law and no state constitution can conflict with our Federal 
Constitution. 

There are now forty-eight states in the United States with 
forty-eight constitutions framed upon the Federal Constitution. 
Each state has its own constitution, which in no way conflicts 
with the Federal Constitution. 

The first Constitution of Kentucky was adopted April 3, 
1792, at a convention that met in Danville, and later on June 
1st, 1792, Kentucky was admitted into the union as a state. 

Our government is conducted according to our National 
and State Constitutions. 

In every constitution there is a provision for making a 
change. These changes are called amendments. An amend- 
ment is a law passed by the General Assembly and adopted by 
a majority of the voters. 

An amendment to the Kentucky Constitution requires a 
three-fifths vote of the members in both houses of the legislature 
to pass, and then it is submitted by the General Assembly to 
the voters of the State, which requires a majority of the voters 
to be adopted. 

The legislature cannot repeal an amendment to the Con- 
stitution, or pass laws contrary to its provision. The session 
of nineteen and twenty in Kentucky passed two amendments 
pertaining to school matters. One provides for the appoint- 
ment of the Superintendent of Public Instruction by the Gov- 
ernor, and the other amendment provides : ' ' That the General 
Assembly have the power to distribute the school funds." 



A Manual for Voters 11 

At the next general election we will vote on these two 
amendiments. If the majority of the voters vote yes, this change 
will be made, and the General Assembly will have the power to 
ditribute the school funds and the Governor will appoint the 
Superintendent of Public Instruction. 

The Federal Constitution may be amended by two-thirds 
vote of each House of Congress, and if passed must be referred 
to the state legislatures for ratification. 

The amendments to the Constitution of the United States 
do not become a part of the Constitution until ratified by three- 
fourths of the States, which is now thirty -six states — there being 
forty-eight states in the union. 

There are now eighteen amendments to the Federal Con- 
stitution, The nineteenth amendment on ''Suffrage" is still 
pending, needing only one more state to give universal suffrage 
to women. 

An amendment to a constitution is simply changing soine 
of its provisions, but a revision is a recasting of the whole con- 
stitution. Both require the consent of the voters of the State. 

As we have said the revision usually takes place by means 
of a convention of delegates elected for that purpose by the 
people. 

''One of the most important parts of every state consti- 
tution is the 'Bill of Rights,' which is a statement of the rights 
which must not be infringed on by the government." 

In the revision of a state constitution the legislature sub- 
mits to the people the question of calling a convention to frame 
a new constitution. If the voters are in favor of a convention 
they elect delegates to the convention to assist in revising the 
constitution. The revised constitution is nearly always sub- 
mitted to the people to vote upon. 

The amendment known as the eighteenth amendment pass- 
ed during President Wilson's term of office and is one of great 
importance to our nation in the protection of the home and 
humanity. This amendment prohibiting the manufacture and 
sale of intoxicating liquors, reads as follows : 



12 Citizenship 

* ' See. 1. After one year from the ratification of this article, 
the manufacture, sale and transportation of intoxicating liquors 
within, the importation thereof into, or the exportation thereof 
from the United States and all territory subject to the juris- 
diction thereof for beverage purposes is hereby prohibited. 

"Sec. 2. The Congress and the several states shall have 
concurrent power to enforce this article by appropriate legis- 
lation." 

There are now eighteen amendments to our Federal Con- 
stitution, and there has never been an amendment repealed. 

The nineteenth amendment known as the suffrage amend- 
ment passed both houses of Congress on May 21st and June 4th, 
1919, submitting to the states a proposed amendment to the 
Federal Constitution extending suffrage to women. The first 
state to take action was Wisconsin, whose legislature, June 5th, 
1919, ratified the amendment. Other state ratifications were 
Michigan, June 10th, Kansas, New York and Ohio, June 16th, 
Illinois, June 17, Pennsylvania, June 24th, Massachusetts, June 
25th, Texas, June 28th, Iowa, July 2d, Missouri, July 3d, 
Arkansas, July 28th, Montana, July 30th, Nebraska, August 
1st, Minnesota, September 8th, New Hampshire, September 10th, 
Utah, September 30th, California, November 1st, Maine, No- 
vember 5th, North Dakota, December 1st, South Dakota, Decem- 
ber 4th, Kentucky, January 6th, 1920. 

The proposed amendment reads as follows : 

* ' Sec. 1. The right of citizens of the United States to vote 
shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by any 
state on account of sex, 

"Sec. 2. Congress shall have power, by appropriate leg- 
islation, to enforce the provisions of this article." 

The following states had granted state wide woman's 
suffrage : Wyoming 1869, Colorado 1893, Utah 1896, Idaho 
1896, Washington 1910, California 1911, Kansas, Arizona and 
Oregon 1912, Territory of Alaska 1913, Montana and Nevada 
1914, New York 1917, Michigan, Oklahoma, South Dakota 1918, 



A Manual for Voters 13 

Amendments to the Federal Constitution may be proposed 
by Congress by two-thirds vote, then submitted to the states 
for ratification by at least three-fourths of the states acting 
through their legislatures (or through state conventions as 
Congress may indicate, or Congress may call a national con- 
vention for this purpose). 

As has been said eighteen amendments to the National 
Constitution have been made since its adoption. The nine- 
teenth amendment will soon be adopted in full as it only needs 
one more state to make the three-fourths or thirty-six states 
which will give us universal suffrage throughout the United 
States. 

Let us remember that the Constitution of the United States 
is the supreme law of the land, and no law will stand in our 
courts that is in violation of our National Constitution. 



CHAPTER II. 

Kinds of Government. 

FOR convenience the United States is divided into forty- 
eight states and each state is divided into counties. Ken- 
tucky has one hundred and twenty counties. 

We have National, State, county, town and city govern- 
ment. - • 1 ' ! i_ijj 

Federal or National Government. 

The Federal or National government, as in state govern- 
ment, is divided into three parts. The legislative which makes 
the laws. The judicial which interprets or explains the laws. 
The executive which enforces the laws. 

Legislative: The legislative department is called the Con- 
gress and is composed of the House of Representatives and the 
Senate. 

The members of the House of Representatives are elected 
every two years. 

The number of representatives in a state is apportioned 
according to population, and the congressional district from 
which a member is elected is determined by the legislature of 
each state. 

Kentucky has eleven congressional districts, therefore 
eleven congressmen elected by the people. 

To be a member of the House of Representatives in Con- 
gress the man or woman must be twenty-five years old, a citizen 
of the United States at least seven years, and a resident of the 
state from which he is chosen. He receives a salary of $7,500 
per year, and an allowance for clerk, stationery and traveling 
expenses. 

Every state is entitled to at least one representative. There 
are now four hundred and thirty-five members in the House of 
Representatives in Congress. 



A Manual for Voters 15 

When the members of a new House of Representatives 
meet the clerk of the previous House calls them to order and the 
roll is called by states. If a quorum is present they elect a 
speaker from among the members of the House who takes his 
seat immediately. The other officers are elected as the clerk, 
sergeant-at-arms and doorkeeper. The rules of the House de- 
fine the duties of the speaker. 

The work of the House of Representatives is done through 
committees. When a bill is introduced it is referred to a com- 
mittee and this committee may report it back to the House 
either favorably or unfavorably, or they may not report it at 
all. If reported favorably it has a chance of receiving con- 
sideration. 

Much of the work of Congress is done in the committee 
rooms. This is why the selection of committees is so important. 

When a bill is reported favorably by a committee it is 
placed upon the calendar which is a register of bills. Then the 
fate of the bill rests with the rules committee of the House. 

The committee on rules, as other committees, is elected by 
the House. The party in power usually determines the selec- 
tion of this committee. 

Impeachment: If a high official is charged with miscon- 
duct in office the House of Representatives would impeach him 
and if found guilty, the impeachment is carried to the Senate 
to be tried. The U. S. Senate sits as a court of justice. 

Six judges, one President and one Secretary of War have 
been impeached by the House of Representatives. 

Revenue: All bills for raising revenue must originate in 
the House of Representatives. 

United States Senate. 

The Senate has ninety-six members, two from every state 
in the union, and are elected for six years, receiving a salary of 
$7,500 a year. The presiding officer of the Senate is the Vice 
President of the United States. 

The United States Senators are elected by the direct voice 
of the voters of the state according to the 17th amendment to 
the National Constitution passed in 1913. 



16 CUizenship 

A United States Senator must be thirty years old, a citi- 
zen of the United States for nine years, and must live in the 
state from which he is elected. 

The term of office of only one-third of the Senators expires 
at the same time, so at least two-thirds of the Senate is not new. 

The Senate must confirm all appointments made by the 
President and must ratify all treaties made by him with a two- 
thirds vote. 

Bills originate in the Senate in the same way as in the 
House, referred to a committee and their course is directly the 
same. When passed by both Houses the President has ten days 
to sign or veto them. Without his signature they become a 
law, unless Congress by adjourning prevents the return within 
ten days. 

The committees of the Senate are elected by its members. 

Bills are passed in Congress similar to that in the legis- 
lature of a state. They are introduced by a member in either 
house and must pass both houses, then signed by the presiding 
officers and clerks and go to the President for his signature or 
veto. 

The sessions are yearly, beginning on the first Monday in 
December, and last until March 4th; this is known as the 
short session. The long session occurs in odd numbered years 
and continues until it is adjourned. The President has the 
power to call special sessions of Congress. 

Judicial Depaetment. 

The Federal courts derive their powers and jurisdiction 
from the Constitution and laws of the United States. 

"The judicial powers of the United States shall be vested 
in one Supreme Court, and in such inferior courts as Congress 
may from time to time establish." 

The Supreme Court of the United States is the highest and 
most powerful judicial body in the world. 

It holds its regular sessions at Washington, sitting from 
October to July. 



A Manual for Voters 17 

The chief justice and eight associate justices constitute the 
Supreme Court of the United States, and are appointed for 
life by the President of the United States and confirmed by the 
United States Senate. 

The salary of the chief justice is $15,000.00 per year, and 
of the associate justices $14,000.00 per year. 

Six judges must be present in the trial of a case and a 
majority is necessary in rendering a decision. 

The district judges receive a salary of $6,000.00 annually 
and the judges of the appeals court $7,000.00 annually. 

The judges cannot be removed except for cause, and then 
they are impeached in the House of Representatives and tried in 
the United States Senate. 

The principal Federal courts that have been organized by 
Congress are: The Supreme Coi^rt, the Circuit Court of Ap- 
peals, the Circuit Court, the District Court. 

A United States judge if he has served ten years may re- 
tire on full salary when seventy years old. 

Executive Department. 

The most important offices in the United States are the 
President and Vice President. They are legally elected by 
electors chosen by the voters of the forty-eight states. 

The President of the United States must be a natural born 
citizen living in this country for fourteen years at least, and 
must be thirty-five years old. - 

He is elected for four years and receives a salary of 
$75,000.00 annually and residence. Congress makes other al- 
lowances for expenses. 

The President is the Commander in Chief of the army and 
navy. He appoints every administrative officer except the Vice 
President. He may call extra sessions, and may veto bills, 
which Congress can pass over his veto with a two-thirds ma- 
jority in each House. He represents the United States in all 
dealings with foreign powers. 



18 Citizenship 

The President appoints the members of his cabinet, but 
said appointments must be approved by the United States 
Senate. 

The Cabinet consist of a Secretary of State, Treasury, War, 
Navy, Agriculture, Commerce, Labor, Interior, the Attorney 
General and Postmaster General. 

Each member of the Cabinet receives a salary of $12,000.00 
annually. 

The Secretary of State is the first in rank among the 
Cabinet officers, and in case of the death of the President and 
Vice President would succeed to the office of President. 

The financial manager of the national government is the 
Secretary of the Treasury, 

The Secretary of "War has charge of the military affairs 
of the nation under the direction of the President. He also 
looks after river and harbor improvements, and all obstructions 
to navigation. 

The Attorney General is the chief law officer of the govern- 
ment. 

The Postmaster General has charge of the Post Office De- 
partment. 

The Secretary of Navy has charge of the construction and 
equipment of vessels of war. 

The Secretary of Interior has charge of matters pertain- 
ing to the internal welfare of the nation, as public lands, care 
of national parks, the giving of patents for inventions, Indian 
affairs, education, etc. 

The Secretary of Agriculture promotes the general agri- 
cultural interests of the country. 

The Secretary of Commerce promotes the commercial in- 
terest of the nation. 

The Secretary of Labor promotes and develops the welfare 
of the wage earner of the United States, by improving the 
working conditions and advancing their opportunities for bet- 
ter employment. 

The Vice President of the United States must have the 
same qualifications as the President. 

He receives a salary of $12,000.00 annually. 



! . A Manual for Voters 19 

Treaties. 

The framers of the National Constitution gave the United 
States Senate two important executive powers especially — first, 
approving treaties. Second, confirming appointments made by 
the President. All treaties in order to be ratified must receive 
a two-thirds vote of the Senators present when the vote was 
taken. 

When a treaty has been drawn up the President consults 
with the Committee on Foreign Relations and the Senate. 
"Treaties are considered in secret session. The Senate may ap- 
prove or reject a treaty as a whole; or they may ratify it in 
part by recommending additional articles as amendments, but 
tlie treaty does not become a law until the President and the 
foreign power agree to the amendment." 

While the Senate may approve, reject or change the terms 
of a treaty, all changes must be agreed to by the President 
and the nation interested. When accepted by both nations 
duplicate parchment copies are made, and both copies are sign- 
ed by the chief officers of each country and then exchanged. 
This is called the "exchange of ratification." Each nation se- 
cures an official copy of the treaty. The President publishes 
the treaty followed by a proclamation. . 

The Constitution gives the President the power to negoti- 
ate treaties and conventions with foreign countries. He con- 
ducts the negotiation through the department of Secretary of 
State. The President keeps in touch and consults with the 
Committee on Foreign Relations and with the majority of the 
leaders in the Senate during negotiations. 

"The President shall have power, by and with the advice 
and consent of the Senate, to make treaties, provided two-thirds 
of the Senators present concur," 

The Federal Constitution makes treaties a part of the 
supreme law of the land. Any conflicting provision of a state 
law or Constitution is repealed. 

The League of Nations having failed to get the necessary 
two-thirds vote in the United States Senate so far has not be- 
come a law. It is opposed by a few senators which prevented 
it receiving the two-thirds vote. i 



20 Citizenship 

Civil Service. 

A great number of our offices of government are appointed 
and not elected. Over 300,000 positions are filled under the 
national government appointment. On January 16th, 1883, 
Congress passed the Civil Service law which established a 
United States Civil Service Commission composed of three mem- 
bers, of which not more than two should belong to the same 
political party. The commission is appointed by the President 
with the consent of the Senate. 

The ordinary "Civil Service" examinations are held twice 
a year at different places in the country designated by the 
commission. 

This commission appoints boards of examiners who hold 
examinations at least twice a year at Washington, D. C, and 
in the states and territories. 

The commission encourages efficiency by promotion from 
lower to higher grades of public service. Some of the places 
that come under the civil service system are clerks in Washing- 
ton connected with the national government, officials in the 
postal service, the letter carriers and clerks in post offices and 
railway mail service, employees in custom houses, government 
printing office, Indian service and revenue service. 

Senators and representativs are not allowed to recommend 
any applicant to the board of examiners appointed by the com- 
mission. 

The examinations are practical and the questions pertain 
to the nature of the work the applicant is to do. 

Persons employed in such public service are under obliga- 
tions not to contribute to any political fund, or to render service 
to any political party. 



CHAPTER III. 

State Government. 

THE state constitution adopted by the voters is the funda- 
mental law of the state. 

A state Constitution cannot interfere with the Federal 
Constitution, neither can the Federal Constitution interfere 
with the regulation of the state. As has been said the Ken- 
tucky Constitution was adopted on April 3, 1792, at a conven- 
tion which met in Danville. 

A state Constitution is a law made by the people and can- 
not be changed by the legislature, but may be amended or re- 
vised by the voters. 

Amendments are usually submitted to the legislature and 
then to the voters. 

The revision of the Constitution is by means of a convention 
of delegates elected by the people. 

The three departments of state governments are: The leg- 
islative, the lawmaking power ; the judicial, the law interpreting 
power ; and the executive, the law enforcing power. 

All state governments are divided into these three classes, 
the legislative, judicial and executive. 

The legislature passes laws which govern people in their re- 
lation to each other. 

The Kentucky legislature convenes at the capitol at Frank- 
fort every two years on the first Tuesday after the first Mon- 
day in January and remains in session for sixty working days, 
not including Sundays and national holidays. 

It is composed of two houses, the House of Representatives, 
known as the lower house with one hundred members, and the 
Senate, known as the upper house with thirty-eight members. 

The Kentucky General Assembly is composed of one hun- 
dred and thirty-eight members elected by the voters of the 
State in the counties and districts in which they reside 



22 CitizemJiip 

The State is divided into senatorial and repi-esentative dis- 
tricts, with a representation based upon population. 

The term of office for Senators is four years. A Senator 
must be thirty years old, a citizen of the United States for nine 
years and must live in the State and district from which he is 
elected. 

A State Senator in Kentucky receives $10.00 per day for 
his services during the sitting of the legislature, mileage to 
and from home at the rate of ten cents per mile, and stationery. 

The Lieutenant Governor is the presiding officer of the 
Senate. 

The Senate sits as a court and tries all impeachments. 

The president pro tem. of the Senate is elected by the mem- 
bers of the body, also the clerks, doorkeeper and pages. 

The president pro tem. presides in the absence of the 
Lieutenant Governor, and in case of vacancy to this office would 
become Lieutenant Governor. 

The president of the Senate appoints the standing com- 
mittees, unless the opposite party is in power, then the presi- 
dent pro tem. virtually controls said appointments. 

To be a member of the House of Representatives a person 
must be twenty-four years old. 

His term of office is only two years but he receives the same 
salary as a Senator, $10.00 per day, mileage and stationery. 

The body elects its speaker and other officers, and has the 
sole power of impeachment. 

The principal work in both houses are done through the 
committees appointed by the President of the Senate and 
Speaker of the House. 

A bill is prepared and introduced by a member of the 
Senate or House. If it pertains to revenue and taxation, it 
must originate in the House of Representatives. 

When a bill is introduced the clerk of the body reads it by 
title only. The President of the Senate or Speaker of the House 



A Manual for Voters 23 

then refers it to the proper committee (o£ the body in which 
the bill originated). It is numbered and ordered printed when 
referred to the committee. The committee considers the bill and 
usually reports it back with expression of opinion that it should 
or should not pass to the body in which it originated. (The 
committee may pigeonhole it and not report it, or may report 
it too late for action by the body.) 

The bill and the report frOm the committee is printed and 
placed on the calendar and takes its turn to be brought up for 
passage. (By consent a bill is acted upon out of its turn.) 

The bill is taken in its regular order from the calendar and 
read the second time in full by the clerk. It is open to debate 
or amendment unless the previous question is ordered, which 
if adopted cuts off debate and amendment. Then the bill is 
read the third time by title only. (Any member may demand 
the reading in full of the engrossed bill if he desires.) It is 
then placed on its passage by the presiding officer of the body, 
and if passed it is then transmitted to the Senate by the House 
clerk, if a House bill. If a Senate bill, it is taken by the Senate 
clerk to the House for consideration. 

A bill goes through the same form in either body, after 
which it is returned to the body in which it originated with or 
without amendments. If the bill is passed it goes into posses- 
sion of the clerk of the body in which it orginiated. Then the 
enrolling clerk of the body in which the bill originated enrolls 
it verbatim from the original. After it is enrolled it is com- 
pared by the committee on enrollment in each House. If found 
correctly enrolled the chairman of each committee reports it 
to the body, and it is compared again by the clerks of each body 
and signed by the clerk of the body in which it originated, also 
signed hy the President of the Senate and the Speaker of the 
House. (The presiding officer of the House in which it orig- 
inated signs first.) Then the clerk of that body takes it to the 
Governor for his approval. If the Governor approves it he 
does so with his signature. It becomes a law at once if it has an 
emergency clause; otherwise, in ninety days after its signature 
by the Governor. It is then filed with the Secretary of State. 



24 Citizenship 

Then later on the bills passed during the session are compiled 
by the Attorney General and known as the Acts of the General 
Assembly of that session. If the Governor vetoes a bill while 
the Legislature is in session, it may be taken up in the house 
in which it originated, and passed over his veto, but must re- 
ceive a two-thirds vote in each house. 

The Governor is allowed ten days after the General As- 
sembly adjourns for approving bills, and if not signed within 
that time they become the law without his signature. 

The passage of a bill in all the states is about the same. 



CHAPTER IV. 

Judiciary Department. 

THE state courts derive their powers and jurisdiction from 
the Constitution and laws of the state. The courts in dif- 
ferent states go by different names, yet the jurisdiction is about 
the same. 

The Court of Appeals is the highest court in Kentucky. It 
holds annual sessions from about September fifteenth to about 
June twenty-second at the State Capitol, Frankfort, Kentucky. 

Seven judges and one commissioner constitute the Court of 
Appeals in Kentucky, and each receives a salary of five thou- 
sand dollars per year, a clerk or secretary and an office furnish- 
ed in the new capitol building. 

A person to be a member of the Court of Appeals must be 
thirty-five years old and a citizen of the State for five years. 
He must have resided two years in the judicial district from 
which he is elected. 

The Court of Appeals or Supreme Court is the highest 
court of the State. This court is the State court of last resort. 

The judges of the Court of Appeals are elected by the 
people for a term of eight years, commencing on the first Mon- 
day in January succeeding their election. 

The cases tried before the Court of Appeals are usually 
appealed to it from the lower courts. 

There are certain classes of cases that come before the 
Court of Appeals for first trial in which is involved the ques 
tion of official action of State officers. 

Circuit Court. 

The circuit judge holds this court first in one county and 
then in another until the circuit of the counties which com- 
pose his district is completed. 

Circuit court is held in the court house of the county seat 
two or three times a year, presided over by the judge of 



26 Citizenship 

that district elected by the voters, (In case of a vacancy the 
Governor of the State appoints some lawyer to fill his place.) 
The majority of important cases are tried in this court, because 
a jury trial may always be had in the circuit court. 

The Constitution of the United States provides that every 
man or woman shall have the right to trial by jury in all crim- 
inal cases, and in civil cases involving a sum of more than 
$20.00. 

Twelve citizens known as a grand jury usually meet at 
the time the circuit court convenes. All violations of law are 
investigated, and persons found guilty are indicted by the 
grand jury. 

County Court. 

The county court is held at the county seat of every county 
and is presided over by the county judge. The county judge is 
elected by the voters of the county. 

In this court civil suits are tried in which the sum in- 
volved is not over $200.00. It tries the more important cases 
which do not come before the justice of the peace court, or city 
police court. 

The county judge's office is the most important office in the 
county. He probates wills and appoints executors, admin- 
istrators, and guardians. He is the head of the fiscal court 
which looks after all the material interests of the county, as con- 
struction of roads, care of paupers aiid the general interest of 
the county. j ^ 

Justice of thl Peace Court. 

The justice of the peace court is the lowest court and is held 
by a justice of peace, called a magistrate, who is elected in 
that magisterial district by the voters. Petty misdemeanors in- 
volving small sums of money are tried in this court. 

The justices' courts are found in every community for 
protection and convenience to the people. 

The magistrates are members of the fiscal court of the 
county. 



A Manual for Voters 27 

Police Court, 

The police courts in towns and cities are similar to the 
justices' courts. They are necessary in every city to try the 
petty misdemeanors. A police judge is elected by the voters of 
the city and tries all petty cases under his jurisdiction. 

Juries. 

The grand jury is selected by the court and is composed of 
not less than twelve responsible and qualified citizens. It is 
their duty to make a faithful inquiry into all wrongs and vio- 
lations of the law. They call witnesses before them and make 
an investigation, and upon sufficient proof against a person 
they have them indicted. The proceedings of a grand jury are 
secret. 

The terms ' ' jury ' ' and trial by jury are quite different from 
a grand jury. The grand jury investigates and inquires into 
all wrongs and violations of the law and if the person accused 
is guilty returns an indictment. Then the trial jury of twelve 
persons after hearing the evidence given them in court returns 
their unanimous verdict one way or other, otherwise a hung 
jury. 

There is a difference between a trial by jury and a grand 
jury. The petit jury or trial by jury is composed of twelve 
men, honest and upright citizens living within the jurisdictional 
limits of the court, drawn and selected by officers free from all 
biased opinion and sworn to render a true verdict according to 
the law and evidence given them. Every citizen is entitled to 
a fair trial, even though the accused is known to be guilty. The 
Constitution of the United States gives this right to all citi- 
zens. 

The trial of all crimes shall be by jury except in impeach- 
ment. The Constitution provides that the trial be held in the 
state where the crime is committed, and if the crime is not com- 
mitted in any of the states Congress has the power to name a 
place of trial. 



28 Citizenship 

The jurors decide whether or not the party accused is 
guilty by a unanimous vote, and if one or more vote against, it 
is called a hung jury. 

The judge of the court instructs the jurors on the law in 
the case. 

Executive Department. 

The executive department of state government is the law 
enforcing power. 

The gavernor of a state is the chief executive. His duty 
is to see that the laws of his state are executed, to study the 
conditions and needs of the state, and to prepare a message to 
the legislature setting forth these needs and conditions. He is 
commander in chief of the state militia. 

He should fill all vacancies that come under his appoint- 
ing power, appoint certain state officers and boards, grant 
pardon to convicted criminals when right, call a special session 
of the legislature when necessary. 

The governor represents his state in its relation to the 
federal government and to other states. 

The Governor of Kentucky receives a salary of six thou- 
sand and five hundred dollars per year, all expenses when on 
duty for the State, and in addition, a mansion, lighted, heated, 
and furnished, and three thousand dollars per year for public 
entertaining. He is elected for four years and cannot succeed 
himself for re-election. 

Most of the states have the following state officials elected 
by the voters of the state : Governor, Lieutenant Governor, Sec- 
retary of State, Treasurer, Auditor, Attorney General, Com- 
missioner of Agriculture and Superintendent of Public Instruc- 
tion. 

The Superintendent of Public Instruction, the Attorney 
General and the Secretary of State compose the Board of Edu- 
cation. 



A Manual for Voters 29 

County Government. 
The county is a political division created by the state to 
administer local affairs, to act as agent for the state, to collect 
taxes, and enforce state laws. 

The county owns many of the public buildings such as the 
court house and jail. 

Every state is divided into counties, and every village, 
town or city is located in some county. As has been said there 
are one hundred and twenty counties in the State of Kentucky. 
The county seat of a county is where the business of a county is 
transacted, and where the courts of importance are held. It is 
really the capital of the county. 

Some counties on account of size and population have two 
county seats. While county government differs in many states 
there is a uniformity in the organization of counties through- 
out the union. 

A county judge is elected in every county by the people. 
He presides over the county court which is held at the county 
eeat. 

Some of the other officers of the county elected by the 
voters are: The sheriff", county superintendent of schools, cir- 
cuit clerk, clerk of the county court, coroner, prosecuting at- 
torney, county attorney, tax commissioner. 

Town Government. 

The government of a town is perhaps the nearest approach 
we have to a direct government by the people themselves. 

Towns as well as counties not only look after their local in- 
terest but look after state interest within their boundaries. 

A community of three hundred or more may upon petition 
of two-thirds of its inhabitants, be incorporated as a town. 

Towns as well as counties are organized and governed 
under general laws passed by the legislature of its state. 

The incorporated township has a right to hold property 
and make contracts. 



30 Citizenship 

City Government. 

Cities like towns and counties receive tlieir right of govern- 
ment through the state by a charter granted by the state leg- 
islature. The charter is the fundamental law of the city. 

The chief executive officer of a city is the mayor who is 
generally elected by the people. 

The power of city government is vested in the mayor and 
the city council. 

For convenience a city is divided into subdivisions called 
wards, and for elections into certain voting precincts called 
election districts. 

The board of aldermen or council is composed of one per- 
son chosen from each ward by the voters. Their power is 
limited by the city charter. 

Voters are responsible for their government and much of 
our happiness depends upon the way our city is managed 

Many cities have adopted the commission form of govern- 
ment by electing a non-partisan ticket composed of several 
commissioners. Each commissioner is put in charge of a di- 
vision of the city's administration and held responsible for the 
work of his department. 

The mayor of a city presides over the meetings of the coun- 
cil and sometimes vetos measures passed. He is elected by the 
voters. The chief duty of the mayor is to see that the laws and 
ordinances are enforced. 

In large cities there is a system of courts extending from 
the police court to the higher courts. 

Appeals from the courts of the city are taken to the circuit 
court and may go from there to the Supreme Court of the State. 

Cities are divided into six classes in Kentucky: 

First class having a population of 100,000 or over. 

Second class, 20,000 to 100,000. 

Third class, 8,000 to 20,000. 

Fourth class, 3,000 to 8,000. 

Fifth class, 1,000 to 3,000. 

Sixth class, below l,i300. 



CHAPTER V. 

Party Organization. 

THE difference of opinion on national questions is the 
cause of a number of politic.al parties in the United States. 
As long as men and women think for themselves we shall 
have political parties. 

It is really the product of a government by public opinion. 
Without political organizations it would be almost impossible 
to govern the policy and character of the country and control 
the affairs of the nation. 

The political parties are the agents through which organ- 
izations are made. 

As a test of one's love of his country and its government 
is shown by his work and aggressiveness. 

Every citizen should study the ethics of his government, 
think for himself, and form his own opinion. 

A person with no opinion on public affairs is a coward 
and unpatriotic. 

Our nation depends largely upon moral and cultured 
people who will study the issues of the day and express them- 
selves in positive terms on what they deem best for the nation 
and its government. ; ' i 

Organization is a number of people systematically united 
for some end. It is through organization that political parties 
become effective. 

Political parties arose after the adoption of the Consti- 
tution. They are organized for national, state and local cam- 
paigns, and not originally a part of the government, but as we 
grew and the population became greater there arose different 
political parties. Every district, village, town and city has 
its permanent local campaign committees in elections, beside 
the state and national committees, which make a very complete 
organization. 



32 Citizenship 

The duty of the permanent committees is to keep the ma- 
chinery of the party working. Really the permanent commit- 
tees do the hard work in politics. They organize political clubs, 
solicit funds, issue calls for conventions, urge people to regis- 
ter and vote and in many other ways keep up the interest of 
the party. 

Since the adoption of the Constitution there have been two 
principal parties advocating different principles. 

The first parties were known as the Federalist and anti- 
Federalist. 

The two great dominant parties now in the United States — 
the Democratic and Republican parties. 

Our Constitution did not provide us with laws as to the 
way of selecting candidates for office, but just as soon as political 
parties came into existence, nominations followed. 

Democratic Party. 

The Democratic party is the oldest. It goes back to the 
days of Jefferson. It advocated "state rights," limiting the 
power of national government, tariff for revenue only. These 
were some of the issues discussed before the recent war, but 
other important issues in these days of reconstruction have 
taken their place. 

Republican Party. 
The Republican party was formed before the Civil War, 
when Abraham Lincoln was elected President of the United 
States. It was originally called the Federalist party. 

The Republican party remained in control of the national 
government until 1884 Grover Cleveland was elected for two 
terms, four years each. 

This party originally advocated a high tariff. 

The recent platforms of the two parties now in power will 
give the issues of the present day. 



CHAPTER VI. 

Committees. 

THE national committee of each party is formed of one 
member from each, state, who organizes the national con- 
vention of his party. 

The chairman of this committee of each party calls a meet- 
ing of his committee in the spring before the presidential elec- 
tion and decides when and where they will hold the national 
convention. 

This year the Democratic convention was held in San Fran- 
cisco, beginning on 28th of June. 

The Republican convention was held in Chicago on the 8th 
of June. 

Each convention adopted its own party platform. 

Democratic. 

State Central Committee op Kentucky. 

The State Central Committee is the party organization in 
control of the party in the State. It is composed of one man 
from each of the eleven congressional districts elected by the 
people and a member at large. 

Members of State Central Committee From Kentucky. 

State at Large — George B. Martin, Catlettsburg. 

State Executive Committee from State at Large — J. A. 
Robinson, Lancaster. 

State Central Committee by Districts. 

1st District — Arch Nelson „ Marshall Co. (Benton) 

2nd District — Ira D. Smith Christian Co. (Hopkinsville) 

3rd District — T. P. Dickerson Barren Co. (Glasgow) 

4th District — W. C. Montgomery Hardin Co. (Elizabethtown) 

5th District — Henry J. Tilford Jefferson Co. (Louisville) 

6th District— Judge Otto Wolfe Campbell Co. (Newport) 



34 Citizenship 

7th District—Thos P. Middleton Henry Co. (Eminence) 

8th District— J. H.. Nichols Boyle Co. (Danville) 

9th District — Foster B. Cox Jessamine Co. (Nicholasville) 

10th District— J. R. Johnson Pike Co. (Pikeville) 

11th District— Edward Gatcliff. Whitley Co. (Williamsburg) 

Democratic State Executive Committee. 

1st District — Thomas Turner Trigg Co. (Cadiz) 

2nd District — John L. Dorsey. -...Henderson Co. (Henderson) 

3rd District — ^Dr. Joe M. Ferguson Muhlenberg (Greenville) 

4th District — Chas. Hubbard. _ .Larue Co. (Hodgenville) 

5th District — Fred Forcht Jefferson Co. (Louisville) 

6th District— W. N. Hind Kenton Co. (Covington) 

7th District— W. T. Klair „._Fayette Co. (Lexington) 

8th District — Dr. T. R, Welch Jessamine Co. (Nicholasville) 

9th District — Dr. J. D. Whitaker. Morgan Co. (Whitesburg) 

10th District — Bailey P. Wooten _ Perry Co. (Hazard) 

11th District — Cecil Williams _ Pulaski Co. (Somerset) 

Chairman Democratic National Committee, Homer S. 
Cummings, Baltimore, Md. 

Republican. 
State Central Committee of Kentucky. 

Chas. H. Searcy, Chairman Louisville, Ky. 

R. W. Hunter, Vice Chairman Providence, Ky. 

Lilburn Phelps, Secretary Louisville, Ky. 

Mrs. Lillian Davis, Assistant Secretary Louisville, Ky. 

Elliott Callahan, Treasurer Louisville, Ky. 

National Committeemen. 

A. T. Hert Louisville, Ky. 

At Large — ^Maurice L. Galvin Covington, Ky. 

At Large — R. W. Hunter Providence, Ky. 

At Large — Mrs. John W. Langley. Pikeville, Ky. 

At Large — Ed. W. Chenault Lexington, Ky. 

1st District — ^W. L. Prince Benton, Ky. 

2nd District — Virgil Y. Moore Madisonville, Ky. 



A Manual for Voters 35 

3rd District — Clayton C. Curd .". .-. Greenville, Ky. 

4tli District— D. 0. Burke „ Bradfordville, Ky. 

5th District — J. Matt Chilton Louisville, Ky. 

6th District — G. A. Seiler Covington, Ky. 

7th District — Clarence Miller. _.. _ — Irvine, Ky. 

8th District — H. V. Bastin _ Lancaster, Ky. 

9th District— F. A. Field _ Ashland, Ky. 

10th District — Sam Collins _ Whitesburg, Ky. 

11th District — Chas. Finley "Williamsburg, Ky, 

County Committee. 
The county committee consists of one man or woman from 
each elective district in the county, and the city committee one 
from each ward or election district in the city. 

County Convention. 

The voters of the county of the party they represent meet 
at the court house at the county seat and elect a temporary 
chairman and the delegates to represent the party at the State 
convention. 

If the people of the county favor a certain man for Presi- 
dent they may instruct their delegates for this man in the State 
convention. 

The fight at the convention is usually for chairman, who 
when elected usually appoints a committee to draw resolutions 
and names the delegates in the resolutions, which are reported 
back to the convention for action. 

State Convention. 

The call for State convention is issued by the State Central 
Committee of the party, and a copy of the call is sent to the 
chairman of each local committee. The convention is called to 
order by the chairman of the State Committee. 

The secretary of the State Central Committee reads the call 
of the convention. 

The convention is opened with prayer. 



36 Citizenship 

Motions are made that the chair appoint a committee on 
credentials, on permanent organization, and on resolutions. 
A temporary chairman and secretary are elected. 

The report of the committee on credentials is read, giving 
the number of delegates present, and rendering a decision con- 
cerning contested delegations. 

The report of the committee on organization is usually 
adopted at once and names the permanent officers of the con- 
vention, which include a permanent chairman, secretary, assist- 
ant secretaries, vice chairman and sergeant-at-arms. 

The chairman of the convention is generally a prominent 
party leader, and when he takes his seat he delivers a speech 
upon the issues of the campaign. 

The platform is read by the chairman of the committee on 
resolutions and usually accepted without amendments. Then 
the convention takes up the nomination of candidates. After 
the nominations are made the vote is then taken by call of the 
counties by the secretary. When the candidates receive the 
number necessary to elect, generally a majority of all the votes 
cast, some one usually moves that his nomination be made unan- 
imous. They elect all the officers in the same way. 



CHAPTER VII. 

National Convention. 

THE National Convention is called to order about noon on 
the day appointed in the official call, by the chairman of 
the national committee. 

The convention is opened with prayer. 

The call is read, after which the national committee names 
a list of temporary officers for the convention, temporary chair- 
man, secretary, clerks, sergeant-at-arms and stenographers. 

The temporary chairman takes the chair and makes a 
formal speech on the political situation. 

A resolution is adopted making the rules of the preceding 
convention the rules of the convention until otherwise ordered. 

Motions are made for the appointment of committees on 
credentials, permanent organization, rules and resolutions, each 
consisting of one member from each state and territory. 

Resolutions concerning contested seats are presented to the 
convention and referred without debate to the committee on 
credentials. (Every state is allowed double as many delegates 
as it has Senators and Representatives in Congress, The four 
men corresponding to the representation of the Senate are dele- 
gates at large, the others are district delegates, which number 
twenty-two district delegates and four delegates at large, making 
twenty-six delegates to the National Convention from Ken- 
tucky.) 

This ends the first session of the convention. 

When the convention assembles for the second session, the 
first business is the report of the credential committee. 

In deciding contested seats, the committee on credentials 
gives each side a chance to present its claims, and then decides 
between them, generally in favor of the regular delegates, those 
endorsed by the state and the district committee. 

Two full contesting delegations from the same state, some- 
times seats are given to both, each delegate being entitled t6 
one-half vote. 



38 Citizenship 

After the credential committee arrives at a decision con- 
cerning contested seats, its report including a list arranged by 
the states of all delegates entitled to seats is usually accepted 
by the convention with very little debate. 

Then the committee on organization make their report, 
which consists of a list of permanent officers of the convention — 
previously arranged to some extent by the national committee. 
(This report is usually arranged beforehand and therefore 
adopted without much trouble, if any. ) A committee is appoint- 
ed to escort the permanent chairman to the platform, who usual- 
ly delivers a speech on the issues of the coming campaign. 

The chair calls for the committee on rules first, for their re- 
port. 

Two rules of great importance in a Democratic Convention 
are: First — A rule requiring for the nomination of candi- 
dates two-thirds of the whole number of votes in the convention. 
The Republican requires only a majority. 

Second Eule — The so-called unit rule under which a ma- 
jority of each state delegation is allowed to cast the entire vote 
to which the state is entitled even against the protest of a 
minority of the delegation. These two rules are strictly adhered 
to in the Democratic party only. 

While waiting on the resolution cominittee's report, mis- 
cellaneous business is disposed of, such as the election of national 
committees and of committees on notification. Such committees 
usually consist of one delegate from each state and territory, 
the members being designated by the respective delegations. 

About the third day the resolution committee is ready to 
report the platform. 

This platform is a formal statement of the party's attitude 
upon the public questions of the day ; next to the nomination of 
candidates it is the most important work of the convention. 

The platform of any party is usually adopted as read. 

Nominations for candidates are next in order, and these 
begin with the roll call of the states arranged alphabetically 
for the presentation of candidates for the presidential nomina- 
tion. Several candidates are often nominated. The delega- 



A Manual for Voters 39 

tion from any state when called in its turn may pass its right 
of nomination to any other delegation not yet called. 

Some good and influential speaker will nominate the candi- 
date from his state, and it is usually seconded by a good speaker 
from some state that has not a candidate. 

After roll call for nominations is completed the convention 
proceeds to the first ballot. 

The chairman of the delegation from his state when the 
state is called by the secretary of the convention, arises and an- 
nounces the vote of his state. Sometimes a candidate is nom- 
inated by acclamation, but usually many ballots are necessary 
to decide the contest. 

If a candidate is not nominated on the first few ballots, a 
dark horse sometimes receives the nomination, but this is seldom 
the case. 

As soon as a candidate receives the number of votes neces- 
sary to nominate, which is two-thirds of the delegates in a 
Democratic convention and a majority in a Republican conven- 
tion, usually some one moves that the nomination be made 
unanimous, which is adopted with great applause. 

After the nomination for President is over the convention 
proceeds in the same way to nominate a candidate for Vice 
President. 

At the national convention of each party a new national 
committee is appointed to carry on the campaign and act until 
the next convention. 

The platform adopted at the national convention of either 
party is an expression of the principles of the party. 

Sometimes a plank is put in to catch voters. On some ques- 
tions the plank may not be plain, but may straddle the issuea 

The national platform gives the principles- to which the 
party is committed and its attitude on important public ques- 
tions. 



CHAPTER VIII. ; 

Registration. 

IN all cities where registration of the voters is required, men 
■■• and women register on the same day in the ward or precinct in 
which they live. 

For the purpose of registration the polls open from 6 
o'clock a. m. to 9 o'clock p. m. 

There are four election officers who have a book in which 
are registered the names of all the legal voters in their precinct. 
Two of these officers are called judges ; one is a sheriff and the 
other is' a clerk. 

A person desiring to register enters the voting place and 

announces his or her intention to register. The judge takes 

the name, residence, party affiliation and citizenship, and may 

•ialso inquire as to any other matter that would affect his or her 

right to vote at an election. 

If found to be qualified, that is 21 years of age and a resi- 
dent of the state for. one year, a resident of the county for six 
months, and a resident of the precinct for sixty days, they may 
register unless in a class prohibited by law from exercising the 
right to vote. 

' The clerk then writes the name and address in the registra- 
tion book entering also color and political affiliation. When 
this is done the registration is completed, and the elector is 
qualified to exercise the right of suffrage in all subsequent elec- 
tions, special elections and primary elections for one year. The 
officers of the election give him or her a certificate of registra- 
tion signed by all four officers of the registration, and if they 
loose this certificate they cannot vote at the regular election un- 
less they get a duplicate certificate from the county clerk, which 
costs 50 cents. 

In the different class cities there are some differences as to 
the method and time of registering, but in Kentucky the general 



A Manual for Voters 41 

registration is usually on the first Tuesday of October, in all 
cities and towns of the first, second, third, fourth and fifth 
classes. The hours for registration are from six o'clock a. m. 
to nine o'clock p. m. 

Special registrations are held thereafter as follows: One 
special registration may be held by order of the city authorities, 
which will be conducted exactly as the first registration above 
referred to, and during the Monday, Tuesday and "Wednesday 
next preceding the general election day those persons who were 
absent or sick, or unable to attend and register on the regular 
registration days, may appear before the county court clerk at 
his office in the court house, and register, to have the same effect 
as if the registration had taken place in the manner above re- 
ferred to, also on the day before the election and on election 
day, public officers of the state, and the United States govern- 
ment, traveling salesmen and certain ministers of religion may 
apply before the county court clerk in the court house and be 
registered if they will make oath that they . were not present 
in their city or town during any of the previous registration 
days. Persons that have become eligible to vote at the general 
primary election, which occurs on the first Saturday in August 
may register two weeks before the election in the county court 
clerk's office as above described, provided such persons were 
not in the city on any of the previous regular registration days, 
or who were not then qualified to register and may vote in the 
primary election in the same manner as other qualified electors. 

The primary election is conducted in the same manner as 
any other election. 

When you register the clerk gives you a certificate of reg- 
istration, which you keep to show the election officers when you 
go to vote, that you have registered. 



42 



Citizenship 



Persons living in the country and small towns do not have 
to register. 



Name ©f voter- 
Residence 



Consecutive number.. 



UNITED STATES 




DEMOCRATIC PARTY 

For Presidential Electors 



For Vice-Pxesidential Electors 



D 
D 

D 

n 




REPUBLICAN PARTY 

For Presidential Electors 



For Vice-Presidential Electors 



n 
n 



The names of all candidates are arranged in columns, under 
the party device to which they belong. A voter by putting a 
cross mark in the circle under the rooster votes for all the Dem- 
ocratic nominees of his party. In the circle under the log cabin 
votes for the Republic nominees of his party. 

This does not require a knowledge to even read, only to be 
able to distinguish between the pictures of a rooster and a log 
cabin. ,/ 

ii^-- ■ ...... ^ . .. 



A Manual for Voters 43 

Nominations — Prim.vries. 

Candidates in the United States are usually nominated 
either in a party primary or a nominating convention. 

Primaries are conducted like elections. The name of the 
party running for an office is put on the ballot of his party with 
the names of others who have filed similar petitions. On the 
day set for the primary the voters go to the polls and cast their 
vote as at a general election. The candidate who receives the 
largest number of votes is the nominee of the party for that 
office. 

Primaries cost more than conventions — they are like elec- 
tions — you have to advertise extensively and meet the voters. In 
a few months the election follows and you practically go over 
the same. 

Only the voters who can vote in the party primary are 
those who registered for the previous election as members of 
that party. 

Certificates and petitions of nomination must be filed with 
the Secretary of State not more than seventy-five days and not 
less than forty-five days, before the day fixed by law for the 
election of the persons in nomination, also certificates and peti- 
tions are directed to be filed with the clerk of the county court 
not more than seventy-five and not less than forty-five days be- 
fore the election. 

The primary elections are conducted in the same maimer 
as any other election. 

The two methods of making nominations are by a caucus 
or convention system, and the primary election system. 

The qualifications for a voter at a primary are the same 
as election. On the first Saturday in August each year from 
6 o'clock a. m. to 4 o'clock p. m. there shall be held at the reg- 
ular polling places in each election precinct a primary election 
for the nomination of candidates for office by political parties, 
to be voted for at the next November election. You do not regis- 
ter to vote in the primary, and a citizen not of age at the time 
of the primary, but will be twenty-one before the November 
election can vote in the primary. 



44 . . Citizenship 

Primaries are conducted similar to elections — about same 
laws and regulations. 

Elections. 

After all the political parties have nominated their candi- 
dates then the struggle for election begins. 
V The period of a few months between the nominations and 
elections is spent by each party in trying to get votes for its 
candidate. ' 

Every voter must be twenty-one years old, a resident of tHe 
state for one year, of the county six months, and of the pre- 
cinct sixty days. 

On election day the voter goes to the polling place and ap- 
pears before the election officers, who will probably be the same 
ones who presided at the registration. You give your name 
and residence, and if you live in a city where registration is 
required you must produce your registration certificate and 
one of the judges may consult the j-egistration book to see if 
you have registered. If found to be registered, the clerk will 
write your name and address upon the stub of the ballot book 
and endorse his own name on the back of the ballot, and remove 
the ballot from the book leaving the stub (called the primary- 
stub) in the book. 

The voter will go into a voting booth with the ballot folded, 
then unfold the ballot, take the stencil, press it on the ink pad 
and if you desire to vote a straight party ticket place the stencil 
mark in the circle immediately underneath the device of the 
party whose candidates you desire to vote for. If you desire 
to vote for candidates irrespective of any party affiliation you 
will place the stencil mark in the small square immediately 
following the name of each candidate for whom you desire to 
vote. 

When the ballot is thus completed you lay the 
stencil aside, fold the ballot in exactly the same manner as when 
you received it from the clerk and then return it to the judge 
Lof the election, who removes the secondary stub from the ballot 
and deposits the ballot itself in the ballot box. If any voter 
spoils or defaces a ballot by mistake so that it cannot be used he 



A Manual for Voters 45 

may return it, and get another, and the fact noted by the clerk 
by writing the word "spoiled" on the stub and spoiled ballot. 

No person except the election officers shall remain within 
fifty feet of the polls, except when voting. 

It shall be the duty of the sheriff in each county before an 
election to secure in each precinct of the county a suitable room 
in which to hold the election, and have sufficient booths in which 
electors shall mark their ballots, screened from observation. 

Our laws concerning elections are more stringent in the 
past few years. Every precaution is taken to insure honesty 
of elections. 

No officer of election shall do any electioneering on election 
day. 

In all elections in Kentucky the voting shall be by ballot. 

The ballot boxes are opened and inspected before voting 
begins to see that they are empty. 

Electioneering is forbidden within, one hundred feet of the 
polls. 

Twice as many official ballots are provided for every poll- 
ing place as there are registered voters in the district. 

If a person is illiterate he is allowed assistance in marking 
his ballot. 

An inspector may challenge a person's vote, but if they 
swear they are eligible their vote is recorded and marked chal- 
lenged. 

A person cannot vote who is not naturalized for at least 
ninety days before election. Also a person convicted of bribery 
or an infamous crime, a deserter from the army or navy, and 
one who bets on that election cannot vote. 

The Governor of the State may restore one to citizenship 
so that they can vote. 

In registration polls are opened from 6 a. m. to 9 p. m., 
but in election polls are opened from 6 a. m. to 4 p. m.. 

When the polls are closed the ballots are counted by the 
election officers and announced and placed in ballot box, which is 
locked by officers, who then take the ballot box, poll books, cer- 
tificates, etc., to the county clerk who unlocks the box in the 



46 Citizenship 

presence of the election officers to see if the packages contain- 
ing the ballots are properly sealed, and if so, the county clerk 
issues his receipt for the box and ballots — one to the judge, and 
one to the sheriff. 

The county clerk within a certain time sends the ballots to 
a canvassing board which examines them and makes an official 
announcement of the number of votes cast for each candidate, 
and gives them a certificate of their election. The successful 
candidates are notified and later installed into office. 

Amendments to Constitution. 

Amendments to the Constitution are handled in the same 
way as an election. The ballot contains the amendment pro- 
posed with "Yes" or "No" printed at the side. The party 
voting crosses out one of these words, puts the ballot in the 
blank envelope and returns it as in an election. 

Voting By Mail. 

Voting by mail is often a great convenience. 

The world is becoming more democratic and the right to 
vote for representation is now arranged so that all eligible citi- 
zens of the United States, twenty-one and over, may have a part 
in governing his or her country. 

If a voter is out of the state or county and holds his resi- 
dence in the same place as when he voted last — or calls home — ■ 
he or she can vote by mail. He must first register, which is also 
done by mail, 

A printed ballot with return envelope is sent to him. The 
ballot is marked by placing a cross opposite the name of the 
candidate voted for, then put in a blank envelope, sealed and 
enclosed in an envelope addressed to the secretary or clerk of 
the county or chairman of the tellers. 

This envelope must be signed by the one voting. The blank 
envelope containing the ballot is opened and the ballot deposited 
in the ballot box. 

The one voting must take an oath before a notary public 
that he or she is eligible. 



A Manual for Voters 47 

EliECtors for President and Vice President. 
"When the voters go to the polls on election day to vote 
for President and Vice President every four years on the first 
Tuesday after the first Monday in November they really cast 
their ballots for the electors who were nominated at the state 
convention. The names of the state electors of each party are 
printed on the ballots under the party name. The ones receiv- 
ing the most votes are elected, and are morally bound to vote 
for the candidate of the party that elected them. 

The campaign continues until the election on the first 
Tuesday after the first Monday in November. The electors 
elected in November meet at their state capitol in January and 
vote for President and Vice President. The result of this vote 
is dispatched at once to the President of the Senate at Wash- 
ington, D. C. The electors of the different states meet at Wash- 
ington on the morning of the second Monday in January after 
their election, and give their vote at or after twelve o'clock ac- 
cording to law. 

On the second Wednesday in February succeeding the 
meeting of the electors, the Senate and House of Representatives 
meet in the Hall of Representatives at 1 o'clock p. m. with the 
President of the Senate presiding. 

Two tellers are appointed in each House to whom shall be 
handed, as they are opened by the President of the Senate, all 
the certificates and papers purporting to be certificates of the 

electoral voters, which certificates and papers shall 

be opened, presented and acted upon in alphabetical order of 
the states; said tellers having then read the same in the pres- 
ence and hearing of the two Houses, shall make a list of the 
voters as they shall appear from the said certificates, and the 
votes having been ascertained and counted, according to 
law; the result of the same shall be delivered to the President 
of the Senate, who shall announce the result of the vote, which 
announcement shall be deemed a sufficient declaration of the 
persons elected President and Vice President of the United 
States, and together with the list of voters be entered on the 
journals of the two Houses. 



48 Citizenship - ' 

If no one receives a majority of all the electoral votes the 
Constitution pror^ides that the House of Representatives shall 
choose a President and the Senate a Vice President. (Article 
XII, National Constitution.) 

The President and Vice President are inaugurated on 
March 4th succeeding the election. 

They take the oath of office on a platform on the east front 
of the Capitol. The President delivers an address outlining 
his policies, then returns to the White House. 



CHAPTER IX. 

Taxation. , - 

THE national government is supported by taxation in various 
ways, and it requires a great amount of money to carry on 
the business of our country even in times of peace — over 
$2,000,000,000. This money is raised through a system of taxa- 
tion of two kinds — direct and indirect. 

A direct tax is a tax on real property or a poll tax. 

An indirect tax is a tax on one individual, but is indirectly 
paid by another. (Taxes assessed on merchandise are indirect, 
as the consumer pays them.) 

Most of the money is raised by import duties and excise 
taxes. 

Import duties are taxes on imported goods. 

Excise tax is a tax levied on goods manufactured in this 
country. 

Duties are taxes on goods imported from foreign countries. 
The consumer on imported goods indirectly pays the duty as- 
sessed by the government. 

There are two kinds of duties — specific and ad valorem. 

Specific duties are fixed amounts levied on certain com- 
modities as the yard, pound and gallon. 

Ad valorem duties are levied at a certain rate per cent on 
the value of the articles taxed. 

Duties are leviable on either imports or exports. 

Imports relate only to goods brought into the country from 
abroad. 

Exports relate to goods sent out of a country. 

There is a special system for the collection of import duties, 
by naming many places along the coast to be used as ''ports of 
entry," where custom houses in charge of collectors have been 
established. "Each custom house has a collector and the gov- 
ernment has employed a large force of officers and special 
agents to overtake any dishonesty — attempting to smuggle goods 
through without paying duty. ' ' 



50 Citizenship 

The state legislature levies the state tax:, the eity council 
the city tax, and the taxes to keep up the national government 
are levied by Congress. 

The law making power of Congress and state legislatures 
not only have the power of passing laws, raising money by taxa- 
tion, but also the right and power of saying how that money 
shall be spent. 

There are several kind of taxes collected for the benefit of 
the county, town, city and state, viz. : Poll tax, income, inherit- 
ance, franchise, property. 

Poll tax : This is a tax on the person and not on property. 
A male citizen twenty-one and over must pay a poll tax of $1.00 
even if he has no property. He must pay this tax before he can 
vote. In Kentucky the poll tax is one dollar. 

Income Tax: There is an income tax levied on the income 
one receives and not on the amount of property he has. It is 
levied on salaries or profits upon business. Unmarried persons 
with an income of over $1,000.00 and married persons with an 
income of over $2,000.00 must pay an income tax. 

Inheritance Tax: Many states have an inheritance tax 
levied on property inherited. This tax is really designated to 
reach wealthy people, and is easily collected since probate court 
records state the amounts. Kentucky has an inheritance tax, 
drawn and introduced by L. F. Johnson, of Frankfort, in 1906. 

Franchise Tax: The government or state gives to a person 
or corporation special privileges, the rights to use the streets 
of a city for railway, water, lighting, gas plants, etc., is con- 
sidered valuable property in the right vested in them by their 
franchise. This is really a source of income and should be 
taxed. 

Property Tax: Property owners pay a large part of t^e 
money raised by taxation. Personal property which includes 
bonds, stocks, mortgages, household goods, jewels, etc. 

Real estate which includes houses, lots, lands and building. 

While taxes are levied upon real estate there are some kinds 
of property exempt from taxation, viz. : public institutions and 
libraries, cemeteries, school houses, churches, and other public 
buildings. 



A Manual for Voters 51 

A great amount of revenue is derived by state and local 
governments from licenses, fees and special assessments. Men 
and women engaged in certain kinds of business must pay to 
the national, state and local governments a license or fees, as 
merchants, peddlers, manufacturers, pawnbrokers, etc. 

A fee is a sum paid to an officer of the government, state, 
city or county for performing some public service or for a li- 
cense in business. If you wanted to get a deed to land recorded 
you would have to pay the officer a fee. 

The expense of our government is enormous, but the paying 
of taxes is one way in which all must take part. 

Acquisition of New Territory. 

While the acquisition of new territory has increased the 
expenses of our nation, yet it has made us the greatest nation 
in the world. 

We have expanded by acquisition of new possessions which 
Congress organized under the direct control of the ''Federal 
Government," but giving them limited powers of self govern- 
ment, through legislation of their own. When their population 
is sufficient they will be admitted as states. 

Today our national flag contains forty-eight stars, and no 
part of the United States except Alaska and Hawaii remains 
under a territorial form of government. 

Alaska was purchased from Russia in 1867. 

The President of the United States, with the advice and 
consent of the Senate, appoints the governor and judges of the 
courts. 

They have a legislature composed of two houses whose mem- 
bers are elected by the people. A delegate to Congress with the 
right to take part in debates but not to vote is also elected by 
the people. 

Hawaii: Hawaii is a regularly organized territory and is 
governed like Alaska; President appointing the governor with 
the consent of the Senate, etc. 



52 ' Citizenship 

Possessions: The Philippines, Porto Eico, and other 
islands are possessions rather than territories of the United 
States. 

Philippines: The Governor General and eight commis- 
sioners appointed by the President with the advice and consent 
of the Senate are at the head of the general government of the 
Philippines. 

''Five members of the commission are heads of the execu- 
tive departments as well as having legislative powers. The 
other four members have only legislative power." 

Commission: The nine members of the commission ap- 
pointed by the President constitute the upper Upper House of 
the Legislature known as the Senate. 

Lower House: The members of the Lower House of Rep- 
resentatives are elected by the people of the various civilized dis- 
tricts. 

The nine commissioners represent the legislative body and 
have control of that part of the island not civiliz^pd. 

Courts : They have a system of courts in which the judges 
of the Supreme Court are appointed by the President, and the 
judges of the lower courts are appointed by the Governor Gen- 
eral with the approval of the commission. 

Commissioners : There are two resident commissioners sent 
to the United States from the Philippines with seats in the 
House of Representatives, but cannot vote, only taking part in 
the debates. 

Provinces: The islands are divided into provinces "each 
of which is governed by a provincial board of three members, 
and each province has its own city or town with its local gov- 
ernment. ' ' Two of the members' of the boards are elected by the 
people, and the third, who is the treasurer, is appointed by the 
Governor General, but usually a ''Filipino." 

Porto Rico. 

Under President Wilson 's administration ' ' The new organic 
law granted the people of Porto Rico a greater self government 
than they had ever enjoyed." 



A Manual for Voters 53 

They have a Governor appointed b}^ the President, a leg- 
islature of two Houses elected by the people, and a system of 
courts. 

''There are seventy-six cities and towns which enjoy some 
local government." 

• They send as their representative to Congress, a resident 
commissioner. While these new possessions are expensive 
they add great wealth and power to our nation. 

Taxes are contributions that the pfeople are required by the" 
government to pay in order to meet the expenses of our nation. 

"We are not patriotic unless we respond to the call of our 
government. 

Referendum and Initiative. 

Some states have the referendum and initiative power of 
helping to make laws. 

If a state legislature passes a law that the people do not 
approve of a petition may be signed by a certain number of 
voters which will require the law to be referred to the people 
for their approval or disapproval. 

Referendum means referring a law passed by the legisla- 
ture back to the voters for their approval or disapproval. 

"If five per cent of the voters of a state and two-thirds of 
the congressional districts do not approve of a bill passed by the 
General Assembly they sign a petition and file it with the Sec- 
retary of State in ninety days after the General Assembly ad- 
journs. ' ' The question involved is then submitted to the voters 
at the next election for their approval or disapproval. 

The initiative is the right of the voters to start legislation. 
The object of the initiative and the referendum is to compel leg- 
islative bodies to act and respect the will of the people whom 
they represent. 

The initiative petition must be filed four months before the 
regular election with the Secretary of State. 



54 Citizenship 

The District of Columbia. 

The District of Columbia, including "Washington, the Cap- 
ital of the United States, is governed by Congress and by- 
judicial and executive officers appointed by the President of the 
United States. The people have no power of self government. 

The Constitution gives Congress the exclusive right of gov- 
ernment in ther District of Columbia. 

It is governed by three commissioners appointed by the 
President. One must be an officer of the army and the other 
two appointed from civil life. 

Congress keeps a watch over the District, and devotes cer- 
tain days to considering the business of the District. 

The courts of the district are Court of Appeals, Supreme 
Court, police court, justices of the peace. 

The judicial officers are appointed by the President. 

The District of Columbia has no representative in Congress. 

Panama Canal Zone. 

The Panama Canal Zone is under the control of a governor 
who is appointed by the President of the United States. 

"It is neutral and open to vessels of commerce and war of 
all nations, but war vessels must pass through without delay and 
while in the canal cannot load or unload troops or munitions of 
war." 

The cost of the construction of the canal was about $400,- 
000,000. It shortens the voyage from New York to San Fran- 
cisco 8,000 miles. 

Guam and Samoan Islands. 

These islands are naval stations and are governed by the 
naval officers stationed there. 

Commerce. 

Commerce is divided between the state and Federal gov- 
ernments. We have interstate commerce, foreign commerce and 
commerce with the Indians. Congress regulates commerce. 



' [ ' A Manual for Voters 55 

Interstate commerce is carried on in the United States, as 
when goods are shipped from one state to another, or one place 
in a state to another, either by land or water. The Interstate 
Commerce Commission provided for by Congress is composed 
of nine men appointed by the President, and regulates inter- 
state commerce. The members of this commission receive a 
salary of $10,000.00 annually. 

Foreign Commerce. 

Foreign commerce is commerce carried on with foreign 
countries. Certain regulations are prescribed for vessels en- 
gaged in foreign commerce, "Enter" and *' Clear" ports. 

All vessels registered in the United States are protected by 
the government in any part of the world. Only vessels can be 
registered by a citizen of the United States. No foreign vessel 
can register. 

Congress regulates commerce with foreign nations and 
among the states, and Indian tribes. 

Indian Tribes. 

The government looks after the interest of ''Indian af- 
fairs." There are about 300,000 Indians on 150 reservations in 
different states and territories all under the protection of the 
United States. 

National Parks. 

The national government has set aside several large tracts 
of land for National Parks. The Yellowstone National Park is 
about half as large as Massachusetts and is the most beautiful 
and interesting park in the world. 



CHAPTER X. 

Voter's Duty as a Citizen. 

TO vote is an expression of choice for this man or woman for 
an office. The ballot is the only efficient way to express 
public opinion and should be regarded as a sacred trust. 

Every person in the state is either a citizen or alien. 

"An alien is a person born in a foreign country who lives 
here, but is still a subject of some other country." 

An alien may become a citizen of the United States after 
he has lived in this country for five years and in the state one 
year. He must be able to read and write his name, to speak 
English and be of moral character. 

Only white persons ahd negroes may become naturalized. 

"Chinese, Japanese and East Indians cannot become citi- 
zens unless born in the United States." 

Unmarried women can become citizens like the men. 

A married woman is a citizen if her husband is a citizen. 
She cannot become naturalized by herself. A woman born in 
the United States who marries an alien ceases to be an Ameri- 
ican citizen and becomes a subject of the country to which her 
husband belongs. 

The wife of a man not a citizen of the United States cannot 
vote in this country. 

If a resident of the United States she resumes her citizen- 
ship at the death of her husband, or if she is divorced. 

A foreign born woman who marries a citizen become a citi- 
zen. 

An American born may live abroad for many years and 
not loose his or her citizenship. 

An alien enjoys the same protection of the law as does the 
citizen. 



A Manual for Voters 57 

^ Citizen. 

A citizen is a person born in the United States and subject 
to the jurisdiction thereof. 

We are living in a democratic government wliich is a price- 
less heritage and a great blessing to mankind. 

Democracy demands a sense of responsibility, personal in- 
terest in the affairs of government and respect for human rights. 

As citizens we must become more conscious and apprecia- 
tive of the inheritance our forefathers left us. This great in- 
heritance is a wonderful land of opportunity and freedom. 

To be an intelligent and desirable citizen we must have 
a knowledge of our Constitution, and know by whom and how 
our country is governed. 

The man or woman who does not possess some knowledge 
of how the country is governed — as has been said — may easily 
become a prey of persons who are anxious to advance their own 
interests at the expense of the people. 

The things needed for the use and protection of the people 
are provided by the people through their government. 

As a part of the community you enjoy the good roads, 
streets, schools, libraries and many other things ; therefore, you 
have no right to shirk your duty in not helping to maintain 
your government. If we enjoy the good things in this life 
without doing our part to have them we are cowards. 

To live in a country and enjoy its freedom, peace and com- 
forts and not do our part toward maintaining such peace and 
comforts we have failed to do our duty toward our fellowman 
and government, and may be called a sponger, a coward and a 
shirker if we fail to vote and do our part toward maintaining 
our government. 

It is not only our duty to vote but we should study and 
understand public questions so that we can vote intelligently on 
the issues of the day. We should be interested in the ballot for 
it is one way in which public opinion may be expressed. 

Every man or woman under the protection of our govern- 
ment should feel obligated to give his or her best to make our 
government one of high ideals. 



58 Citizenship 

Plato said: "Only that state is healthy and can thrive 
which unceasingly endeavors to help the individuals who con- 
stitute it." 

The United States is both a democracy and a republic. 

A democracy means a government by the people^ 

A republic is a democracy in which the people elect rep- 
resentatives to carry on the government for them. 

United States. 

The United States is a great republic composed of more 
than 100,000,000 citizens under the protection of one flag 
with forty-eight stars which represent the forty-eight states 
of the union. 

''A citizen might be termed a member of a large society 
called the United States." 

Every man, woman and child is a member of this society, 
unless an alien, an idiot, or convicted of some infamous crime. 

The members of this great society when they reach the age 
of twenty-one have a duty to perform which should be a sacred 
one. In this society citizenship is defined in the national Con- 
stitution in the fourteenth amendment. ''AH persons born or 
naturalized in the United States and subject to the jurisdiction 
thereof are citizens of the United States and of the state wherein 
they reside." 

One of the first duties of a citizen is to vote. If we fail 
to vote we have no right to complain of the condition of affairs, 
and how our government is managed. 

It is a privilege to be a citizen of this great country and a 
member of this great "society called the United States." It 
should be a greater privilege to east our vote in every elec- 
tion and know we are doing our part to keep up the govern- 
ment. 

There are four ways which we, as citizens, can help main- 
tain our government : 



A Manual for Voters 59 

"First: Vote at every election, read and be interested in 
public affairs. 

"Second: Help to manage public affairs and be ready to 
hold an office, if you are the choice of the people. 

"Third: Try to understand public questions, so you can 
vote intelligently and criticize justly. 

"Fourth: Remember to pay your share of the expense of 
doing the work." 

There are now over 27,011,330 voting women in the United 
States, soon to take part in all elections, and share the respon- 
sibility as well as the privilege of suffrage. 

In maintaining this great government of ours two parties 
are necessary to keep the wheels moving. As has been said, the 
two dominant parties now in existence are the Democratic party 
and Republican party. 

We have learned that parties are means of securing united 
action among the voters who think alike. It was Washington 
who said: "The spirit of party unfortunately is inseparable 
from our nature, having its root in the strongest passions of the 
human mind." 

There must be organization under the direction of leaders 
to secure united action. 

Let the women of our country come forward and identify 
themselves with the party of their choice and organize under 
competent leaders, showing to the world we not only deem it a 
great privilege to vote, but are willing to share the responsi- 
bility of making our government the best in the world. 

Will you do your bit to keep this great machinery moving 
onward and upward? 



CHAPTER XL 

Why Should Women Vote ? 

I T is important that every woman who possesses the constitu- 
•■• tional and statutory qualifications should exercise her right 
to vote ; because it is only in this way that there can be a fair 
expression of the political sentiment of the qualified voters on 
any question. 

Another reason is that the right to vote is not only a priv- 
ilege but a duty that is imposed by law, and where one is en- 
titled to exercise that privilege, the failure to so exercise it is a 
failure to perform a duty on the part of the voter. 

Then, if only a small per cent of the women were to vote, 
and a large per cent of the men were to vote, it would always 
be problematical as to what effeat the consensus of the women's 
opinion would have had in the result, if a full vote had been 
polled ; and this questionable result of an election is one of 
the dangers incident to the exercise of the right of suffrage. 
If the women manifest anything approaching a unanimous de- 
sire to participate in the exercise of this governmental function, 
it will have the effect to increase the public confidence in this 
government and its institutions. 

Men and women without regard to race, color or social con- 
dition, must take their turn exactly alike at the polling place. 
Each ballot has exactly the same weight in the election, and 
the ballot of the poorest man counts just as much as the ballot 
of the most influential citizen. The voting place is the leveling 
place, and when women realize that the exercise of suffrage 
gives not only the equal right to vote, but also allows equal 
expression of opinion, then the better purpose of woman ■ 
suffrage will have been accomplished. This equality is not a 
condescension on the part of women, but it is the exercise of a 
right under the law, to call for the fair expression of opinion 



A Manual for Voters 61 

from all the people of every social and political standard, with- 
out reference to mental ability, social standing or business 
prominence. Therefore, it is the duty of every intelligent 
woman to vote and use her influence to get the women interested 
in voting and doing their part in keeping up the government. 
We know that the lower classes will all vote and many floaters 
will be found in such classes, so it behooves the intelligent 
women to do their part. The vote is the equal right of every 
one who is qualified under the law, and every qualified person 
has one vote, and that one vote from each one is the thing 
which the Constitution is most zealous to secure and safeguard. 

We appeal to every intelligent woman of the United States 
and especially in Kentucky to take part in the coming campaign. 
Organize under competent leaders and let your organization 
extend into every precinct. See that the voters register on the 
first Tuesday in October, or the special registration days, then 
on 2nd day of November go to the polls and vote for President 
and Vice President of the United States. 

Women as well as men in Kentucky can vote for President 
and Vice President if twenty-one years old and over, unless an 
alien, idiot or have committed some infamous crime. We have 
suffrage so far, whether we want it or not, and let us, as intelli- 
gent women, not forget the duty it carries with it. We love our 
government and the good things it gives, as schools, good roads, 
protection of life and property and the many other things. 
Should we not be willing to do our part to get these things, or 
must we be a sponger, a coward, or shirker and let our fellow 
man do all? Should we fail to vote and help maintain our gov- 
ernment we certainly will come under one of these heads, that 
is if we are able to go to the polls and register and vote, and 
fail to do it. If you are absent from the county or state you 
can vote by mail. There is no way to escape our duty unless 
providentially hindered. 



62 Citizenship 

In Kentucky there are 1,201,185 voters, of which 663,454 
are men and 537,731 are women. The white female voters are 
477,731. The negro female voters are 60,000. 

There are 13,225 foreign born white males of voting age, 
that have been naturalized. 

Let us train ourselves for good citizenship and serve our 
nation, state, county, city and town in every way possible to 
make our government one of high ideals and the best in the 
world. 



INDEX 

A. 

Page 

Aliens, Definition of — to vote 56 

Aliens — may become citizens 57 

Amendments to Constitution 10, 11, 13, 46 

Amendment — extending suffrage 12, 13 

Ad Valorem — duty 49 

Acquisition of new tei'ritory 51 

Alaska 51 

Amendment to Kentucky Constitution 10 

Amendment, 18th and 19tli 11, 12 

Amendment to change Superintendent of Public Instruction 11 

Amendment to change school funds of Kentucky 11 

A,ttorney General of U. S 18 

Agriculture, Secretary of 18 

B. 

Dill of Rights 11 

Bill — reported favorably or unfavorably 23 

bills passed in congress and State — how z2, 23, 24 

Bills, legislative — how enacted „..22, 23 

Ballot — picture of 42 

Ballots — counted 45, 46 

C. 

Citizenship 7 

Citizen — definition of 7, 57 

Classes of Citizens 7 

Civil rights 7, 8 

Constitution 9 

Charter 9, 30 

Constitution — amendment of 10 

Constitution— revision 11 

Constitution — supreme law 13 

Committee — work of 15 

Committee on Rules — Congress 15 

Cabinet, U. S. — appointment of 18 

Cabinet Officers — named 18 

Court of Appeals 24 

Circuit Court 24 

County Court 26 

Court of Justice of Peace 26 

County Government 29 

City Government 30 

City Council 30 

Commission form government 30 

Committee — national 38 



64 hidex. 

Page 

Convention — national 3? 

Committee — county 35 

Convention — county 35 

Convention — state 35 

Convention — national 37, 38, 39 

Committee — credential , 37, 38 

Convention — contested seats 37, 38 

Civil Service 20 

Congressional Districts 14 

Commander-in-Chief of National Army 17 

Commerce— secretary of 18 

Cities — classes of 30 

Committees — how formed 33 

Columbia, District of 54 

Commerce 54, 55 

Congressman — qualification 14 

Congressmen — number from Kentucky 14 

' ' ' _ D. 

Duty as a citizen ". ^--v,— 56, 57 

Democracy — 9 

Departments of State 21 

Democratic party '. 32 

Democratic convention -. 37, 38 

Democratic State Central Committee 33, 34 

Democratic State Executive Committee 34 

District Judges of U. S 17 

Direct tax ...,, 49 

E. 

Executive Department — national 17, 18 

Elections 44 

Elections — laws of 44, 45 

Electioneering— forbidden 45 

Election — polls open and closed 45 

Electors — President and Vice President 47 

Excise Tax 49 

Exports 49 

Exchange of Ratification , 19 

Executive Department of State 28 

F. 

Federal Constitution 13 

Federal, or National Government 14 

Federal Courts — kinds 17 

Franchise Tax 50 



Index. 65 

Page 

Fee 51 

Foreign Voters 62 

Foundation of Government - 10 

Foreign Commerce 55 

G. 

Government 8, 9 

Government — derivation of 9 

Government — kinds of 14 

Government — branches of 14 

Grand Jury 41 

Governor — duties of, salary, etc 24, 28 

Government — county .: 29 

Government — town 29 

Government — city 30 

Government — state 21 

Government — national 14 

Gra;nd Juries 27 

General Assembly — convenes, when and where 21 

Guam and Samoan Islands 54 

Government — helped, four ways 58, 59 

H. 

Hawaii 51 

I. 

Impeachment 15 

Inauguration of Prosident, Vice President 48 

Indirect Tax 49 

Import Duties 49 

Income Tax , 50 

Inheritance Tax 50 

Initiative - 53 

Interior — Secretary of 18 

Indian Tribes 55 

J. 

Judicial Department — Federal 16 

Judicial Department — State 24 

Justices of Peace Court 26 

Juries 27 

Judges of Court of Appeals — qualification and sialary 24 

Judges of Supreme Court of United States — appointment anti sal- 
ary — term of office 17 

K. 

Kentucky Legislature 21 

Kinds of Government 14 



Q6 Index. 

L. 

Legislative Department — National and State 14, 21, 22 

Legislative Department — National 14 

Law making power 21, 22, 50 

License 51 

League of Natioms 19 

Lieutem'ant iGoviernor 22 

Labor — ^Secretary of 18 

M. 

Mayor — chief executive — city 30 

N. 

Niaturalizieid citizeni 7 

Native born citizen 7 

Nominations 43 

Naturalized — kinid of peirsous 56 

Naturalized^— manner of 56 

National convention 3g 

National convention — rules of 38 

Negro female voters — number of 62 

Navy — iSiecretary of 18 

National parks 65 

O. 

Organization 31_ 59 

Organization — 'd'efinStion of SH 

P. 

Political rights 8 

Platform „ 38, 39 

iPollis open 40, 45 

Primary election ._. 43 

Ports of entry 49 

Poll tax ,.,. 50 

Property tax 50 

'Property exemlpt ifrom taxation ...,......; 50 

Possies'sions 51 

Philippines 52 

Phiiippines — ^how governed 5^2 

Philippine commisi&ioners 52 

Philippines — iProvinices 52 

Porto Rico 52 

Parties 8 

President comcerninig treaties, power, etc 19 

Postmaster General ., ., , ■ 18 



Index. ^ 67 

Page 

Police court 27 

Petiit jury - 27 

Preamble 10 

President U. S. — qualificationis, salary, etc 17 

President — ^term of office, salary 17 

President of U. S.— ^duties of 17 

President — pro tem. Senate 22 

Police court 27 

Party oirganization , 31 

Political partieis. — ori'gin of 31 

Parties — two princiipal , 31, 32 

Party — oldest] 32 

Party — iballot, picture of 42 

Primaries 43 

Poll tax 50 

Phili'ppirueiSi — how governed 52 

Porto Rico — hoiw goyerned 52 

Panama Canaj Zone 54 

President and Vice Preisident inaugurated ./.— 48 

Principal parties in United States 8 

Q. 

QualiMcatlon of voters 44 

R. 

Republic 9 

Revision of National Constitution and State .-11, 21 

Representatives — la.ow proportioned 14 

Representatives in Congress — qualification of 14 

Revenue — raising of 15 

Republican party 32 

Republican State Central Committee 34, 35 

Registration 40 

Real estate 50 

Referendum : 513 

Representatives in State 21 

Registration — ^sipecial 41 

Rules of importance in Democratic convention 38 

Restoration of citizenshiiip 46 

S. 

Senators, U. S. — number of 15 

Senators, U. 'S. — ^how elected 15 

Senators — qualification of 16 

Sessions of Congress 16 

Supreme Court of U. S ,„, ig 



68 Index. 

i Page 

Salaries of Judges Supreine Court 17 

Supreme Judges — ^retirement 17 

State (govemimenit .' 21 

State Oonstitution 21 

State governimienit — ^departments of 21 

State 'Senator — q.ualifioati'on, isialary, etc 22 

'State 'Senate' — ^presiding officer of 22 

State courts 24, 25, 26 

Suprem© Court of the State ^ 16, 17 

Stajte officials 28 

Special registration 41 

Specific duties - 49 

State Representative — ^ctualifioation, salary, etc 22 

Secretary of United iStatesi — 'duties oif 18- 

Senate^ — duties of 22 

T. 

Toiwn gO'veimmient 29 

Taxation 49 

Treaties Ii9 

U. 

Unit rule 38 

United States — ^a demo'cracy and repulMic 9 

United 'States Senate 15 

United Stateis Senators^ — qualification of 16 

Uruited States as a society 58 

V. 

Vice President U. S. — qualification and salary 18 

Veto — power of President 24 

Voters^ — qualification of 44 

Voting — ^manner of 44, 45, 46 

Vote — challenged 45 

Voting — iby mail 46 

Votersi — ^duty as citizen 56 

Vote necessary to ratify a treaty 19 

W. 

Women as voters ; 60, 61, 62 

Women voters in United States 8 

.Women voters in Kentucky — ^wliite 62 

Women voters in Kentucky — colored 62 

War — Secretary of 18 



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